The Tang dynasty inherited this system, and has arranged the colors in a united flag according to the above order of the elements, for military use. Historical records from the Sui dynasty show a system of military banners using the five colors to represent the Five Elements: red for fire, yellow for earth, blue for wood/wind, white for metal, and black for water. The meaning of the term "Hui people" gradually shifted to its current sense-a group distinguished from Han Chinese by their Muslim faith and distant foreign ancestry-around 1911–49 in the Republic of China. The term 回, huí, primarily referred in this context to Muslims, as a whole, and as such for a certain period of time (before the Xinhai Revolution) the term also referred to the Uyghurs in Western China, since the term "Muslim Territory" ( 回疆 Huíjiāng) was an older name for Xinjiang during the Qing dynasty. This principle emphasized harmony between what were considered the five major ethnic groups in China, as represented by the colored stripes of the Five-Colored Flag of the Republic: the Han (red) the Manchus (yellow) the Mongols (blue) the Hui (white) and the Tibetans (black). "Five-colored flag" ( Chinese: 五色旗 pinyin: Wǔsèqí)įive horizontal bands of red, yellow, blue, white and black. Its central tenet was the harmonious existence under one nation of what were considered the five major ethnic groups in China: the Han, the Manchu, the Mongols, the Hui (including the Uyghurs), and the Tibetans.
Underneath the three flags is the message: "Long live the union" ( 共和萬歲).įive ethnic groups living together in mutual harmony (the res publica)įive Races Under One Union was one of the major principles upon which the Republic of China was founded in 1911 at the time of the Xinhai Revolution. The center flag is the Five-Colored Flag of the Republic of China.
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